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11.
A suite of reservoir cores (oil sands) from a single well in Bohai Bay Basin, East China, displayed a progressive increase in petroleum biodegradation extent on the basis of bulk composition and 25-norhopane content. This fits with the proposal that subsurface petroleum biodegradation is dominantly an anaerobic process and usually occurs at the oil–water contact. It is likely that sequential microbial degradation of hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions does not occur in a true stepwise fashion, but is controlled by various factors such as concentration and solubility of hydrocarbons and their diffusion rate to the oil/water contact. In fact, 25-norhopanes were formed prior to the complete elimination of the acyclic, and mono- and bicyclic alkanes. An inverse response of the 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio between each extended 17α(H)-hopane and its corresponding 25-norhopane was observed as severe biodegradation occurred, supporting the proposal that the 25-norhopanes originate from demethylation of hopanes. Field observation revealed that biomarkers without extended alkyl side chains, such as oleanane, gammacerane and β-carotane, have significant resistance to biodegradation and can be used as naturally occurring “internal standards” to evaluate variations in other biomarkers. The results suggest that the quantity of 25-norhopanes showed a minor increase as the hopanes decreased significantly, i.e. only partial hopane conversion to the corresponding 25-norhopanes. Alternative degradation pathways for hopanes might occur in reservoirs, in addition to C-25 demethylation. 相似文献
12.
塔中地区寒武—奥陶系层序地层格架与沉积演化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过层序地层学的划分与对比,将塔中地区寒武—奥陶系划分出8个超层序.其中寒武系包含3个超层序,奥陶系包含5个超层序,下奥陶统2个,中上奥陶统3个.塔中地区寒武—奥陶系沉积相具有典型的分层结构,沉积相在纵向演化上,由下部的蒸发台地、局限台地相、开阔台地相,向上变为台地边缘相、浅水陆棚相、混积陆棚相及斜坡相,代表了海水向上持续增深过程. 相似文献
13.
油气聚集对石英矿物成岩演化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
油气在砂岩储层中的聚集会对石英矿物的胶结作用产生影响。对黄骅坳陷三马探区的石英矿物的包裹体分析以及对开放孔隙中原油抽提物和包裹体中原油的生物标志物进行分析,含油级别较低的油层与水层具有相似的均一化温度分布范围,但富含油层中流体包裹体均一化温度高值分布范围比低级别油层和水层低,包裹体中的烃类组成与开放孔隙中的主要存在成熟度上的不同。分析认为石油的充注不会使石英矿物的胶结作用立刻停止,石英的次生加大作用仍在继续,但胶结作用受到一定的抑制,当石油充注到一定程度后,胶结作用将会停止,后期进入储层的成熟度较高的原油可能未被捕获。 相似文献
14.
Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied. 相似文献
15.
对江南-雪峰带构造属性的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
讨论了江南-雪峰山“隆起带”的性质问题,它既不是造山带的“厚皮构造”,也不属于沉积盖层褶皱的“薄皮构造”,而是“过渡型的基底拆离式”的构造。其发生机制是印支—早燕山运动期间由SE向NW(同时派生由S向N、由E向W)的基底拆离和推覆,成为控制整个扬子板块海相中古生界盆地改造变形的动力来源和主导因素,也控制了海相油气的形成与聚集。 相似文献
16.
Secondary hydrocarbon generation potential from heavy oil, oil sand and solid bitumen during the artificial maturation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Secondary hydrocarbon generation potentials from natural bitumen, oil sand and heavy oil, representing different residual oil accumulations, were determined by artificial maturation in a closed pyrolysis system. Simulated results indicate that their thermal behavior and reactivity are similar to those of kerogen, and that they can generate hydrocarbons once subjected to suitable geological processes. Overall differences in oil and gas generation potentials among the samples result from differences in the chemical structure of precursor components, physical compaction status, and mineral matrices. Hydrogen rich precursors, such as oil sand and heavy oil, have greater potential to generate hydrocarbons than hydrogen poor ones. Naturally compacted oil sand has slightly higher conversion efficiency than artificially compacted heavy oil as indicated by lower residual bitumen content. However, total gas and liquid oil recovery from oil sand is lower than from heavy oil due to the poor release of pyrolytic products from well compacted and cemented networks in the experiments. Mineral matrices of previous oil deposits also affect further hydrocarbon generation potential. Carbonate matrices inhibit total oil and gas generation, which consequently retains high gas potential at the postmature stage. Traditional oil generation models mainly consider the thermal alteration of kerogen; this study provides supplemental information for superimposed basins where previous oil accumulations may have been destroyed and reburied to serve as secondary sources of oil and gas. Consideration of previous oil residues as potential source rock allows better estimates of available oil resources and the risks associated with their exploration. 相似文献
17.
Three bitumen fractions were obtained and systematically analysed for the terpane and sterane composition from 30 Paleozoic source rocks and 64 bitumen-containing reservoir rocks within the Upper Sinian, Lower Cambrian, Lower Silurian, Middle Carboniferous, Upper Permian and Lower Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin and neighbouring areas, China. These bitumen fractions include extractable oils (bitumen I), oil-bearing fluid inclusions and/or closely associated components with the kerogen or pyrobitumen/mineral matrix, released during kerogen or pyrobitumen isolation and demineralization (bitumen II), and bound compounds within the kerogen or pyrobitumen released by confined pyrolysis (bitumen III). In addition, atomic H/C and O/C ratios and carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and pyrobitumen from some of the samples were measured. Geochemical results and geological information suggest that: (1) in the Central Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in reservoirs within the fourth section of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation were derived from both the Lower Cambrian and Upper Sinian source rocks; and (2) in the Eastern Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation reservoirs were mainly derived from Lower Silurian source rocks, while those in Upper Permian and Lower Triassic reservoirs were mainly derived from both Upper Permian and Lower Silurian marine source rocks. For both the source and reservoir rocks, bitumen III fractions generally show relatively lower maturity near the peak oil generation stage, while the other two bitumen fractions show very high maturities based on terpane and sterane distributions. Tricyclic terpanes evolved from the distribution pattern C20 < C21 < C23, through C20 < C21 > C23, finally to C20 > C21 > C23 during severe thermal stress. The concentration of C30 diahopane in bitumen III (the bound components released from confined pyrolysis) is substantially lower than in the other two bitumen fractions for four terrigenous Upper Permian source rocks, demonstrating that this compound originated from free hopanoid precursors, rather than hopanoids bound to the kerogen. 相似文献
18.
Free and sulfur-bound biomarkers in sediments deposited in the northern proto North Atlantic (Newfoundland Basin, ODP Site 1276) during the Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE-2) were studied. The δ13C records of phytane and lycopane confirmed the stratigraphic position of the positive carbon isotope excursion associated with OAE-2, previously reported for total organic carbon (TOC) and β,β-homohopane. Sediments before and after the OAE-2 interval were poor in organic matter (OM) and comprised numerous gravity flow deposits. The interval itself was composed of pelagic sediments with occasionally a much higher TOC content of up to 12.7%. The OAE-2 sediments were characterized by a low amount of terrestrial OM since the dominant biological sources of the biomarkers were aquatic in origin. High hopane, pentamethylicosane (PMI), and squalane abundances in the OM-rich sediments pointed to a relatively high input of prokaryotes, partly derived from cyanobacteria, as suggested by the occasional occurrence of 2-methylhopanes. PMI comprised both the regular and irregular isomer and changes in the δ13C of PMI are thought to reflect contributions from methanogenic and methanotrophic archea. The high relative concentration of lycopane indicated that bottom water conditions were anoxic during large parts of the OAE-2 interval. In one horizon, trace amounts of isorenieratane provided evidence for the occasional occurrence of photic zone anoxia. Taken together, the data imply that oceanic anoxia, and probably also high productivity, reached the northernmost part of the proto-North Atlantic during OAE-2, albeit that photic zone anoxia was much less common than in the southern proto-North Atlantic. 相似文献
19.
近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
20.
对长江三角洲晚第四纪地层沉积特征进行了精细研究,探讨了研究区层序地层格架,在此基础上分析了浅层生物气成藏条件、特征和分布规律。研究表明,长江三角洲晚第四纪发育3期下切河谷,形成了3套沉积层序;因后期河流的强烈下切破坏,早期沉积层序往往被剥蚀殆尽,仅残留下部的河床相粗粒沉积,造成不同期河床相的叠置;相对而言,末次冰期以来形成的下切河谷沉积层序以相对完整的沉积相组合被保存下来。长江三角洲浅层天然气是未经运移的原生生物气,其主要富集于末次冰期以来的沉积层序内,气藏为自生自储同生型的岩性圈闭。河口湾—河漫滩和浅海相泥质沉积物既是气源岩,又是盖层,后者可作为良好的区域盖层;河口湾—河漫滩和河床相砂质沉积物为主要储集层。因此,研究区晚第四纪多期下切河谷沉积层序有利于浅层生物气藏的形成,特别是晚期下切河谷内河口湾—河漫滩相砂质透镜体以及河床相砂体可作为优先勘探目标。 相似文献